[{"city_id":"1","city":"Rome","country":"Italy","region":"Western Europe","season":"Summer","year":"1960","latitude":"41.9028","longitude":"12.4964","city_type":"Global Hub","avg_temp_c":"26.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"4","legacy_notes":"Ancient monuments as backdrops; venues integrated into city"},{"city_id":"18","city":"Squaw Valley","country":"USA","region":"North America","season":"Winter","year":"1960","latitude":"39.1968","longitude":"-120.2350","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"-2.0","natural_snow_pct":"100","fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"2","legacy_notes":"Small resort; few lasting facilities"},{"city_id":"2","city":"Tokyo","country":"Japan","region":"East Asia","season":"Summer","year":"1964","latitude":"35.6762","longitude":"139.6503","city_type":"Global Hub","avg_temp_c":"26.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"5","legacy_notes":"Triggered massive infrastructure modernization; high reuse"},{"city_id":"19","city":"Innsbruck","country":"Austria","region":"Western Europe","season":"Winter","year":"1964","latitude":"47.2692","longitude":"11.4041","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"0.0","natural_snow_pct":"60","fake_snow_used":"1","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"4","legacy_notes":"Soldiers hauled snow by hand; warm winds melted courses"},{"city_id":"20","city":"Grenoble","country":"France","region":"Western Europe","season":"Winter","year":"1968","latitude":"45.1885","longitude":"5.7245","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"1.0","natural_snow_pct":"85","fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"3","legacy_notes":"Facilities partially repurposed for university use"},{"city_id":"3","city":"Mexico City","country":"Mexico","region":"Latin America","season":"Summer","year":"1968","latitude":"19.4326","longitude":"-99.1332","city_type":"Emerging","avg_temp_c":"16.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"3","legacy_notes":"High altitude concerns; political protests marred games"},{"city_id":"21","city":"Sapporo","country":"Japan","region":"East Asia","season":"Winter","year":"1972","latitude":"43.0618","longitude":"141.3545","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"-3.0","natural_snow_pct":"100","fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"4","legacy_notes":"Strong natural snow; venues still in active use"},{"city_id":"4","city":"Munich","country":"Germany","region":"Western Europe","season":"Summer","year":"1972","latitude":"48.1351","longitude":"11.5820","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"17.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"3","legacy_notes":"Overshadowed by terrorist attack; park repurposed well"},{"city_id":"5","city":"Montreal","country":"Canada","region":"North America","season":"Summer","year":"1976","latitude":"45.5017","longitude":"-73.5673","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"22.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"2","legacy_notes":"Stadium debt took 30 years to repay; Olympic Stadium underused"},{"city_id":"22","city":"Innsbruck","country":"Austria","region":"Western Europe","season":"Winter","year":"1976","latitude":"47.2692","longitude":"11.4041","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"0.0","natural_snow_pct":"80","fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"3","legacy_notes":"Stepped in after Denver rejected hosting; reused 1964 venues"},{"city_id":"6","city":"Moscow","country":"Russia","region":"Eastern Europe","season":"Summer","year":"1980","latitude":"55.7558","longitude":"37.6173","city_type":"Global Hub","avg_temp_c":"19.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"2","legacy_notes":"US-led boycott; facilities became state sports infrastructure"},{"city_id":"23","city":"Lake Placid","country":"USA","region":"North America","season":"Winter","year":"1980","latitude":"44.2795","longitude":"-73.9799","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"-7.0","natural_snow_pct":"50","fake_snow_used":"1","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"3","legacy_notes":"First Olympics to use artificial snow; costly overrun 324pct"},{"city_id":"7","city":"Los Angeles","country":"USA","region":"North America","season":"Summer","year":"1984","latitude":"34.0522","longitude":"-118.2437","city_type":"Global Hub","avg_temp_c":"21.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"5","legacy_notes":"Only profitable Olympics since 1960; used existing venues"},{"city_id":"24","city":"Sarajevo","country":"Yugoslavia","region":"Eastern Europe","season":"Winter","year":"1984","latitude":"43.8486","longitude":"18.3564","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"-1.0","natural_snow_pct":"90","fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"1","legacy_notes":"Facilities destroyed in Bosnian War; tragic legacy"},{"city_id":"8","city":"Seoul","country":"South Korea","region":"East Asia","season":"Summer","year":"1988","latitude":"37.5665","longitude":"127.0000","city_type":"Emerging","avg_temp_c":"25.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"4","legacy_notes":"Boosted South Korea global image; venues still active"},{"city_id":"25","city":"Calgary","country":"Canada","region":"North America","season":"Winter","year":"1988","latitude":"51.0447","longitude":"-114.0719","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"-8.0","natural_snow_pct":"75","fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"4","legacy_notes":"Oval still world-class speed skating venue"},{"city_id":"9","city":"Barcelona","country":"Spain","region":"Western Europe","season":"Summer","year":"1992","latitude":"41.3851","longitude":"2.1734","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"23.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"5","legacy_notes":"Transformed waterfront; major tourism boost long-term"},{"city_id":"26","city":"Albertville","country":"France","region":"Western Europe","season":"Winter","year":"1992","latitude":"45.6756","longitude":"6.3929","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"0.0","natural_snow_pct":"80","fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"2","legacy_notes":"Dispersed venues across Alps; limited post-games use"},{"city_id":"27","city":"Lillehammer","country":"Norway","region":"Western Europe","season":"Winter","year":"1994","latitude":"61.1153","longitude":"10.4662","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"-8.0","natural_snow_pct":"95","fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"4","legacy_notes":"Beloved Games; facilities still used for training"},{"city_id":"10","city":"Atlanta","country":"USA","region":"North America","season":"Summer","year":"1996","latitude":"33.7490","longitude":"-84.3880","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"27.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"3","legacy_notes":"Centennial Park bombing; criticized for commercialization"},{"city_id":"28","city":"Nagano","country":"Japan","region":"East Asia","season":"Winter","year":"1998","latitude":"36.6513","longitude":"138.1810","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"-2.0","natural_snow_pct":"90","fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"4","legacy_notes":"Strong legacy; ski jump venues still operational"},{"city_id":"11","city":"Sydney","country":"Australia","region":"Oceania","season":"Summer","year":"2000","latitude":"-33.8688","longitude":"151.2093","city_type":"Global Hub","avg_temp_c":"22.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"4","legacy_notes":"Green Games benchmark; stadium reused for sports events"},{"city_id":"29","city":"Salt Lake City","country":"USA","region":"North America","season":"Winter","year":"2002","latitude":"40.7608","longitude":"-111.8910","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"-3.0","natural_snow_pct":"60","fake_snow_used":"1","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"4","legacy_notes":"Doping scandal; facilities well-used post-games"},{"city_id":"12","city":"Athens","country":"Greece","region":"Southern Europe","season":"Summer","year":"2004","latitude":"37.9838","longitude":"23.7275","city_type":"Global Hub","avg_temp_c":"27.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"1","legacy_notes":"Many venues abandoned; white elephant crisis after 2004"},{"city_id":"30","city":"Turin","country":"Italy","region":"Western Europe","season":"Winter","year":"2006","latitude":"45.0703","longitude":"7.6869","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"4.0","natural_snow_pct":"65","fake_snow_used":"1","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"3","legacy_notes":"Warm temps at 52F; several venues underutilized"},{"city_id":"13","city":"Beijing","country":"China","region":"East Asia","season":"Summer","year":"2008","latitude":"39.9042","longitude":"116.4074","city_type":"Global Hub","avg_temp_c":"26.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"3","legacy_notes":"Birds Nest iconic; airport and rail legacy significant"},{"city_id":"31","city":"Vancouver","country":"Canada","region":"North America","season":"Winter","year":"2010","latitude":"49.2827","longitude":"-123.1207","city_type":"Global Hub","avg_temp_c":"5.0","natural_snow_pct":"30","fake_snow_used":"1","snow_cost_million_usd":"15.00","water_used_million_gal":"2.10","venue_reuse_score":"3","legacy_notes":"Heavy rain and warmth; snow imported; Whistler reused"},{"city_id":"14","city":"London","country":"UK","region":"Western Europe","season":"Summer","year":"2012","latitude":"51.5074","longitude":"-0.1278","city_type":"Global Hub","avg_temp_c":"18.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"5","legacy_notes":"Stratford regeneration success; Olympic Park thriving"},{"city_id":"32","city":"Sochi","country":"Russia","region":"Eastern Europe","season":"Winter","year":"2014","latitude":"43.6028","longitude":"39.7342","city_type":"Emerging","avg_temp_c":"10.0","natural_snow_pct":"20","fake_snow_used":"1","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"2","legacy_notes":"80pct fake snow; warmest Winter Games; record 50B cost"},{"city_id":"15","city":"Rio de Janeiro","country":"Brazil","region":"Latin America","season":"Summer","year":"2016","latitude":"-22.9068","longitude":"-43.1729","city_type":"Emerging","avg_temp_c":"26.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"1","legacy_notes":"Several venues abandoned; severe cost overrun; corruption"},{"city_id":"33","city":"Pyeongchang","country":"South Korea","region":"East Asia","season":"Winter","year":"2018","latitude":"37.5665","longitude":"128.7000","city_type":"Emerging","avg_temp_c":"-8.0","natural_snow_pct":"10","fake_snow_used":"1","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"2","legacy_notes":"90pct fake snow; several venues demolished or abandoned"},{"city_id":"16","city":"Tokyo","country":"Japan","region":"East Asia","season":"Summer","year":"2020","latitude":"35.6762","longitude":"139.6503","city_type":"Global Hub","avg_temp_c":"26.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"3","legacy_notes":"Held in 2021 due to COVID; no spectators; high cost"},{"city_id":"34","city":"Beijing","country":"China","region":"East Asia","season":"Winter","year":"2022","latitude":"39.9042","longitude":"116.4074","city_type":"Global Hub","avg_temp_c":"0.0","natural_snow_pct":"0","fake_snow_used":"1","snow_cost_million_usd":"60.00","water_used_million_gal":"49.00","venue_reuse_score":"3","legacy_notes":"100pct artificial snow; first all-fake-snow Olympics"},{"city_id":"17","city":"Paris","country":"France","region":"Western Europe","season":"Summer","year":"2024","latitude":"48.8566","longitude":"2.3522","city_type":"Global Hub","avg_temp_c":"20.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"0","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":"4","legacy_notes":"Cheapest Summer Games in decades; 95% existing venues"},{"city_id":"35","city":"Milano-Cortina","country":"Italy","region":"Western Europe","season":"Winter","year":"2026","latitude":"45.4642","longitude":"9.1900","city_type":"Regional City","avg_temp_c":"-2.0","natural_snow_pct":null,"fake_snow_used":"1","snow_cost_million_usd":null,"water_used_million_gal":null,"venue_reuse_score":null,"legacy_notes":"First co-hosted Games; 2 cities; mostly existing venues"}]